January 1

Arab forces begin Actions for Et Tafile (see 28th).

M. Hyams succeeds Baron de Broqueville as Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs (see August 4th, 1917).

January 2

Air Ministry formed in Great Britain.

January 3

The Air Council takes over functions of Air Board (see May 17th, 1916, and November 29th and December 21st, 1917).

Ukraine delegation reaches Brest-Litovsk (see November 21st, 1917, and February 1st, 1918).

January 4

British hospital ship "Rewa" sunk by submarine in Bristol Channel.

Russian Bolshevik Government and French and Swedish Governments recognise the independence of Finland (see 10th, and December 6th, 1917).

British Government in message to the King of the Hejaz declare intentions with regard to future status of Palestine (see December 17th, 1917, and February 4th, 1918).

Allied request for handing over of Dutch ships in Allied ports formulated (see March 7th).

January 5

British Premier (Mr. Lloyd George) in speech to Trade Union delegates outlines British War Aims (see 24th, and December 28th, 1917).

Negotiations again suspended on Russian front. Bolshevik demand made for meetings to be held at Stockholm (see 8th, and December 6th, 13th and 22nd, 1917).

January 8

Qasr-i-Shirin (Western Persia) occupied by British forces (see July 8th, 1917).

President Wilson delivers Message to Congress laying down the "Fourteen Points" (see February 11th).

Russian Bolshevik Government withdraw demand for transfer to Stockholm and resume negotiations at Brest-Litovsk (see 5th and 22nd).

January 10

British Government assure Russian Bolshevik Government of their support in the creation of an independent Poland (see April 5th, 1917, and February 20th, 1918).

Danish and Norwegian Governments recognise the independence of Finland (see 4th).

January 12

Latvia declares independence (see November 11th).

January 13

Estonian Government issue declaration of independence (see November 28th, 1917, and February 25th and November 11th, 1918).

January 14

German destroyers bombard Yarmouth (Norfolk).

January 18

Russian Constituent Assembly again meet in Petrograd (see 19th, and December 13th, 1917).

January 19

Russian Constituent Assembly again forcibly dissolved by Bolsheviki (see 18th, and December 13th, 1917).

Mustaufi ul Mamalek succeeds Ain ed Douleh as Persian Prime Minister (see November 24th, 1917, and May 3rd, 1918).

Mushaver ul Mamalek succeeds Ala es Sultaneh as Persian Foreign Minister (see June 6th, 1917, and August 10th, 1918).

January 20

Naval action outside the Dardanelles. German cruiser "Breslau" and British monitor "Raglan" sunk. "Goeben" strikes mine and is beached (see 27th).

January 22

Russian Bolshevik Government accuse Central Powers of falsification of reports of proceedings (see 8th and 23rd).

January 23

Negotiations between Russian Bolshevik Government and Central Powers once more suspended (see 8th, 22nd and 30th).

January 24

Count Hertling and Count Czernin (German Imperial Chancellor and Austrian Foreign Minister) make public replies to statements of President Wilson and Mr. Lloyd George on War Aims (see 5th and 8th).

Lieut.-General The Hon. Sir H. A. Lawrence appointed Chief of the General Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France (see 27th). Did not take up appointment till the 27th.

January 27

Turkish Dead Sea Flotilla seized by Arab camelry at El Mezraa'.

General Dunsterville's Mission leaves Baghdad for North-West Persia (see February 17th).

The "Goeben" refloated inside the Dardanelles (see 20th).

Lieut.-General Sir L. E. Kiggell, Chief of the General Staff, British Expeditionary Force, France, resigns (see 24th, and December 22nd, 1915).

January 28

Russian Bolshevik Government sever diplomatic relations with Rumania.

Actions for Et Tafile by the Arab forces end (see 1st).

January 30

Negotiations between Russian Bolshevik Government and Central Powers again resumed (see 23rd, and February 10th).

February 1

Central Powers recognise the Ukraine Republic (see 9th, and November 20th, 1917).

Extension of the British East Persia Cordon (see July 29th, 1915) into Khorasan begins. In relief of Russian forces withdrawn by Bolshevik Government.

February 3

British Government announce enlargement of powers of Supreme War Council at Versailles (see November 7th, 1917, and December 1st, 1917).

February 4

General Alexeiev with Don Cossacks moves towards Moscow against the Bolshevik forces (see 13th).

British Government make declaration to King of the Hejaz re-affirming their pledges as to freeing the Arab peoples (see October 24th, 1915, December 15th, 1916, December 17th, 1917, and January 4th, 1918).

February 5

British S.S. "Tuscania," carrying United States troops, sunk by submarine off Irish coast. (The only loss sustained by U.S. transports when under British naval escort.)

February 6

German Government send ultimatum to Rumania demanding peace negotiations within four days (see 25th).

M. Bratianu, Rumanian Premier, resigns (appointed January 14th, 1914) (see 9th).

February 9

Peace signed at Brest-Litovsk between Bulgaria, Central Powers and Turkey and the Ukraine Rada; also supplementary Treaty between Central Powers and The Ukraine; borders of new Ukrainian State defined (see 1st, and January 3rd).

New Rumanian Cabinet formed, with General Averescu as Premier and Foreign Minister (see 6th, and March 12th).

February 10

M. Trotski announces that state of war between Russia and Central Powers, Bulgaria and Turkey is ended, but that Russia will not sign formal peace treaty (see 18th, and January 30th).

February 11

President Wilson delivers Message to Congress laying down four additional Points (see January 8th and October 6th).

February 13

General Alexeiev defeated by the Bolsheviki (see 4th); General Kaledin commits suicide.

February 15

Third German destroyer raid in Straits of Dover (night 15th/16th) (see April 20th, 1017).

Representatives of Allied Governments arrange establishment of the "Allied Maritime Transport Council" (see December 3rd, 1917, and March 11th, 1918).

February 10

Dover shelled by German submarine.

February 17

General Dunsterville's Mission reaches Enzeli (North-West Persia) (see May 21st, 1915, January 27th and April 1st, 1918).

February 18

Armistice terminates on Russian front. Hostilities resumed by German armies (see 10th and 19th). Dvinsk taken by German forces.

General Sir W. Robertson, Chief of the British Imperial General Staff, resigns (see 19th, and December 23rd, 1915).

February 19

Russian Bolshevik Government notify willingness to sign Peace Treaty with Germany (see 18th and 28th).

General Sir H. H. Wilson appointed Chief of the British Imperial General Staff (see 18th).

February 20

British Foreign Minister (Mr. Balfour) informs Polish National Committee that Great Britain does not accept the treaty between The Ukraine and Central Powers (see 9th, January 10th, and June 3rd).

February 21

Jericho taken by British forces (19th/21st).

Ministry of Information formed in Great Britain.

February 23

Inter-Allied Labour and Socialist Conference in London pass resolution as to War Aims.

February 24

Trebizond (Asia Minor) retaken by Turkish forces (see April 17th, 1916).

Dorpat (Estonia) occupied by German forces (see December 26th).

German raider "Wolff" returns to Germany (see December 1st, 1916).

February 25

Pernau, Reval, and Pskov taken by German forces (see 18th).

Kirmanshah (Western Persia) occupied by British forces (see March 11th, 1917).

Peace negotiations begun at Bukharest (see 6th, and March 5th).

Military Convention signed at Bobruisk between Germany and Poland.

British Government inform M. Tonisson that they are prepared provisionally to recognise the independence of Estonia until the future status of Estonia is settled by the Peace Congress (see January 13th and November 11th).

February 26

British hospital ship "Glenart Castle" sunk by submarine in the Bristol Channel (see March 1st, 1917).

February 28

Negotiations again resumed between Russian Bolshevik Government and Central Powers: hostilities nominally cease (see 18th, 19th, and March 3rd).

March 1

Treaty of Peace and Amity signed between the Finnish Social Republic of Workmen and the Russian Federal Soviet Republic.

March 2

Kiev (Ukraine) captured by German forces (see December 20th).

German force landed in the Aaland Islands at request of Finnish Government (see 3rd).

March 3

Meshed (Persia) occupied by troops of British East Persia Cordon. Approximate date.

Peace signed between Bolshevik Russia and Central Powers, Bulgaria and Turkey at Brest-Litovsk, together with supplementary treaties by the signatories (see 14th and 18th, February 28th and August 27th).

German Government notify Swedish Government of occupation of the Aaland Islands (see 2nd).

March 4

Narva (Estonia) occupied by German forces (see November 28th).

March 5

Preliminary treaty of peace between Rumania and the Central Powers, Bulgaria and Turkey signed at Buftea (see December 9th, 1917, and February 25th and May 7th, 1918).

March 7

First German aeroplane raid on England undertaken on moonless night (see July 20th).

Peace signed at Berlin between Germany and Finland.

Final Allied Note presented to Netherlands Government re surrender of Dutch ships in Allied ports (see 18th, and January 4th).

March 8

M. Chichérin appointed Russian Foreign Minister and M. Trotski appointed Minister for War (see November 8th, 1917).

March 9

Hit (on the Euphrates) occupied by British forces.

Treaty of Peace signed between Rumania and Bolshevik Russia (see 5th).

March 10

British hospital ship "Guildford Castle" attacked by German submarine in Bristol Channel, but reaches port.

March 11

First meeting of the Allied Maritime Transport Council (see February 15th).

March 12

Erzerum retaken by Turkish forces (see February 16th, 1916).

General Averescu, Rumanian Premier and Foreign Minister, resigns (see 21st, and February 9th).

March 13

Odessa occupied by German forces (ses December 11th).

March 14

Congress of Soviets meet at Moscow to ratify treaty of peace with Central Powers (see 3rd).

March 15

German Government proclaim protectorate over an independent Kurland.

March 16

Hamadan (West Persia) evacuated by the Russian regular forces (see March 2nd, 1917).

March 17

Nicolaiev (South Russia) captured by German forces (see April 8th).

March 18

Entente Governments issue Note refusing to recognise Russo-German peace treaty (see 3rd and 14th).

Dutch Government accept with reservations the Allied terms for use of Dutch shipping in United States and Entente ports (see 7th and 21st).

March 20

Allied Blockade Committee formed.

March 21

First Battles of the Somme, 1918, begin with Battle of St. Quentin (21st/23rd) (see November 18th, 1910, and April 5th, 1918).

Passage of the Jordan by British forces (21st/23rd).

Destroyer action in North Sea between Allied and German flotillas (see October 17th, 1914).

Dutch ships in British ports requisitioned by British Government, and Dutch ships in United States ports requisitioned by United States Government (see 18th).

M. Marghiloman appointed Rumanian Premier (see 12th, and November 8th).

M. Constantino Arian appointed Rumanian Foreign Minister (see 12th, and November 8th).

March 23

Paris first shelled by long range gun (from Crépy-en-Valois, 75 miles distant) (see August 15th).

March 24

First Battle of Bapaume (24th/25th): Bapaume and Péronne taken by German forces (see March 17th and 18th, 1917, and August 29th and September 1st, 1918).

First action of Es Salt (Palestine) (24th/25th).

March 25

Noyon taken by German forces (see March 18th, 1917, and August 29th, 1918).

German airship raid on Naples from the Dalmatian coast.

March 26

Albert, Chaulnes, and Roye taken by German forces (see March 17th, 1917, and August 22nd and 27th, 1918).

Action of Khan Baghdadi (Mesopotamia) (26th/27th).

"Doullens Agreement" concluded. Decision taken to appoint

General Foch to co-ordinate efforts of British and French Armies (see April 14th).

March 27

Battle of Rosières (Somme) (26th/27th).

Montdidier taken by German forces (see August 10th).

First British attack on Amman (Palestine) (27th/30th).

March 28

First Battle of Arras, 1918 (see August 26th).

Ana (Mesopotamia) occupied by British forces.

March 29

Poltava (South Russia) captured by German forces.

April 1

Enzeli (Persia) evacuated by the Russian regular forces (see February 17th).

German Expeditionary Force for Finland leaves Danzig (see 3rd).

Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Services of Great Britain amalgamated and established a separate service as the Royal Air Force.

April 3

German Expeditionary Force lands in South Finland at Hangö (see 1st, 13th, and December 16th).

Ekaterinoslav (South Russia) taken by German forces.

April 4

Battle of the Avre (France).

Sarikamish (Russian Caucasus) occupied by Turkish Eorces (see January 2nd, 1915).

British submarines at Helsingfors destroyed to avoid capture (3rd/4th) (see 3rd).

April 5

Battle of the Ancre, 1918, brings to an end the First Battles of the Somme, 1918 (see March 21st).

Japanese and British marines land at Vladivostok (see August 2nd and 3rd).

Van (Armenia) retaken by Turkish forces (see May 19th, 1915).

April 8

Kharkov (South Russia) captured by German forces.

April 9

Battles of the Lys begin (see 29th): Battle of Estaires (9th/11th); Neuve Chapelle taken by German forces.

Count Mirbach appointed German Ambassador at Moscow (see July 6th).

National Council of the Moldavian Republic (Bessarabia) pass Act of Union with Rumania, with stipulation for local autonomy (see 16th, December 23rd, 1917, and December 10th, 1918).

April 10

Battle of Messines, 1918 (10th/11th): Messines taken by German forces (see June 14th, 1917, and September 28th, 1918).

Monrovia (Liberia) bombarded by a German submarine (see August 4th, 1917).

Third Military Service Act passed in British Parliament. Military age limit raised to 50, and Conscription extended to Ireland (see 18th, and June 8th, 1916).

Settlement Treaty between Germany and Turkey ratified at Berlin (see January 11th, 1917).

Agreement reached between Italy and the Yugo-Slavs ("Pact of Rome").

April 11

Armentières and Merville taken by German forces (see October 11th and 17th, 1914, August 10th and October 3rd, 1918).

French Government publish text of Emperor of Austria's letter to Prince Sixte of Bourbon proposing peace negotiations (see 15th, and March 31st, 1917).

Battle of Estaires ends.

Battle of Messines ends.

April 12

Battle of Hazebrouck (Lys) begins (see 15th).

Last airship raid over England in which casualties were inflicted (27) (see January 19th, 1915, and August 5th, 1918).

Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig issues Order of the Day to the British Army in France on the serious situation ("Backs to the Wall" order).

April 13

Battle of Bailleul (Lys) begins (see 15th).

Helsingfors (Finland) captured by German forces (12th/14th) (see 3rd and 4th).

Finnish Government announce that all German troops landed in Finland had been despatched at their request.

United Diets of Baltic Provinces adopt resolution to form themselves into a separate State within the German Empire.

April 14

General Foch appointed Commander-in-Chief of Allied Armies in France (see March 26th, August 6th, and November 5th). The Belgian forces were not placed under the command of General Foch.

April 15

Battle of Hazebrouck ends (see 12th).

Battle of Bailleul ends (see 13th). Bailleul taken by the German forces (see October 14th, 1914, and August 30th, 1918).

Raid by British naval light forces on the Kattegat (see November 2nd, 1917).

Batum (Georgia) occupied by Turkish forces (see December 27th).

Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, resigns (see 17th, and December 22nd, 1916).

April 16

Passchendaele reoccupied by German forces (see November 6th, 1917, and September 29th, 1918).

The Ukraine Government issue protest against union of Bessarabia and Rumania (see 9th and 23rd).

April 17

Battle of Kemmel Ridge (Lys) begins (see 19th).

Baron Burian succeeds Count Czernin as Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (see 15th, and October 25th).

Dr. Wekerle, Hungarian Premier, resigns (see 27th, and August 21st, 1917).

April 18

Battle of Bethune (Lys).

Third Military Service Act comes into operation in Great Britain (see 10th).

April 19

German forces enter the Crimea.

Battle of Kemmel Ridge ends (see 17th and 26th).

April 20

Lord Derby, Secretary of State for War, Great Britain, resigns (see December 11th, 1916).

Viscount Milner appointed Secretary of State for War, Great Britain.

April 21

Viscount Motono, Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, resigns (see 22nd, and November 21st, 1916).

April 22

The Trans-Caucasian Council decide to declare independence (night 22nd/23rd) (see September 20th, 1917, and May 6th and 26th, 1918).

Baron Goto appointed Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (see 21st, and September 28th).

April 23

Blocking raid by British naval light forces on Ostend and Zeebrugge (see May 9th).

Russian Bolshevik Government issue protest against union of Bessarabia and Rumania (see 9th and 16th, and December 10th).

Guatemala declares war on Germany (see April 27th, 1917).

April 24

Actions of Villers-Bretonneux (Somme) (24th/25th).

April 26

Second Battle of Kemmel Ridge (25th/26th): Mount Kemmel stormed by German forces (see 19th, and August 31st).

April 27

Kars (Georgia) occupied by Turkish forces. First contingent of Italian troops arrive on the French front (approximate date).

Dr. Wekerle again appointed Hungarian Prime Minister (see 17th, and October 24).

April 29

The Battle of the Scherpenberg brings to an end the Battles of the Lys (see 9th).

German Government establish a military dictatorship in The Ukraine. General Skoropadski proclaimed Hetman (see May 9th).

April 30

Viborg (Finland) captured by German forces and Finnish White Guards (see 13th).

Second action of Es Salt (Palestine) begins (see May 4th).

May 1

Sevastopol taken by German forces (April 30th/May 1st).

Part of Russian Black Sea Fleet seized by the Germans (see June 21st, 1917, and June 18th and November 26th, 1918).

May 2

Agreement concluded regarding export of sand and gravel from The Netherlands for German use (see July 15th).

May 3

Samsam es Sultaneh succeeds Mustaufi ul Mamalek as Persian Prime Minister (see 31st, and January 19th).

May 4

Second action of Es Salt ends (see April 30th).

Armistice signed at Korenevo between Russia and The Ukraine (German-Ukrainian Command) (see June 12th).

May 5

Field-Marshal Lord French appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (see December 15th, 1915).

May 6

Turko-German delegates arrive at Batum to negotiate peace with the Georgians and Armenians (see April 22nd, May 20th, and June 8th).

May 7

Kirkuk (Mesopotamia) taken by British forces (see 24th).

Frederickshamn (South Finland) captured by Finnish White Guards: End of the Finnish Civil War. The civil war may be said to have begun about March 1st, 1918.

Final Treaty of Peace signed between Rumania and Bulgaria, Central Powers and Turkey (see March 5th), together with various supplementary treaties between the separate contracting parties (see November 10th).

May 8

Nicaragua declares war on Germany and on Austria-Hungary (see May 18th, 1917).

Rostov (South Russia) captured by German forces.

May 9

Blocking attack on Ostend. H.M.S. "Vindictive" sunk to block the harbour (see April 23rd).

M. Ustemovich proclaimed President of The Ukraine; General Skoropadski remains Hetman (see April 29th).

Joint Trade Committee of Entente Powers formed in Holland.

Dr. da Silva Paes, elected Portuguese President (see December 28th, 1917, and December 14th, 1918).

May 11

Peace signed in Berlin between Finland and Turkey.

May 12

Military Treaty ("Waffenbund") signed between Germany and Austria-Hungary.

May 14

Italian naval raid on Pola Harbour.

May 15

German submarine bombards St. Kilda (Hebrides).

Agreement between Entente Powers, Japan, and China against German penetration in Far East announced.

Dr. S. B. C. da Paes, Portuguese Premier, resigns (see 10th, and December 10th, 1017).

May 16

Agreement signed at Peking between China and Japan for military co-operation against German and Bolshevik aggression (see 19th).

Senhor J. T. de Souza Barboza, appointed Portuguese Secretary of the Interior (see l0th, and December 22nd). The appointment of Premier lapsed between May 15th and December 23rd. During this period the functions of the office were performed by the Secretary of the Interior.

May 17

Sinn Fein leaders arrested in Ireland and interned (see 25th).

May 18

First British retaliatory air raid on German towns. Cologne bombed by day.

Alexandropol (Georgia) occupied by Turkish forces.

May 19

Last German night aeroplane raid on London in which casualties were inflicted; 19 killed and 177 wounded (see May 7th, July 7th, and October 19th, 1917, and August 5th, 1918). There were altogether nineteen aeroplane raids on London during which bombs were dropped, and one air reconnaissance during which no bombs were dropped.

German air raid on British camps and hospitals at Etaples; heavy casualties.

Agreement signed between China and Japan for naval co-operation (see 16th).

May 23

Costa Rica declares war on Germany (see September 21st, 1917).

May 24

Kirkuk (Mesopotamia) evacuated by the British forces (see 7th, and October 25th).

General F. C. Poole lands at Murmansk to organise the North Russia Expeditionary Force (see June 4th, 8th and 23rd).

May 25

British Government publish account of Irish-German plots (see 17th).

May 26

Trans-Caucasian Federal Government (see September 20th, 1917, and April 22nd, 1918), dissolved. Georgia declares independence and forms a National Government. Armenian National Council assume charge of Armenian affairs (see June 8th). Tatar National Council proclaim establishment of a "Republic of Azerbaijan."

May 27

Battle of the Aisne, 1918 ("Third Battle of the Aisne"), begins (see June 6th).

Craonne again taken by German forces (see Max 4th, 1917, and October 12th, 1918).

May 29

Soissons again taken by German forces (see 27th, and August 2nd).

Peace Treaty signed at Vienna between Austria-Hungary and Finland.

May 30

Fère-en-Tardenois taken by German forces (sec 27th, and July 28th).

May 31

German forces reach the Marne. Château-Thierry and Dormans captured (see July 21st).

Battle of the Skra di Legen (Macedonia).

Samsam es Sultaneh, Persian Prime Minister, resigns (see 3rd, and June 20th).

M. G. Cooreman succeeds Baron de Broqueville as Belgian Prime Minister (Baron de Broqueville was appointed in 1911) (see November 21st). Baron de Broqueville and M. Cooreman presided over the Cabinet without the title of Prime Minister (see November 21st).

June 3

British, French, and Italian Governments make declarations supporting national aspirations of Poles, Czecho-Slovaks, and Yugo-Slavs (see February 20th, June 29th, August 13th, September 25th, and November 16th).

June 4

British Marines land at Pechenga (North Russia) (see May 24th).

The Don Cossacks declare independence.

June 5

British Independent Air Force in France constituted under tactical command of Major-General Sir H. M. Trenchard.

June 6

Battle of the Aisne, 1918, ends (see May 27th).

Dutch hospital ship "Koningen Regentes" sunk by mine or torpedo.

General Guillaumat, Allied Commander-in-Chief, Salonika, recalled to Paris (see 15th and 18th, and December 22nd, 1917).

June 7

British force lands at Kem (North Russia) (see May 24th).

Omsk (Siberia) occupied by Czecho-Slovak forces (see November 18th).

June 8

German Expeditionary Force to the Caucasus lands at Poti (Georgia).

Russian Bolshevik Government order Entente forces in North Russia to leave the country (see 30th, and May 24th).

Georgian Government and Armenian National Council sign peace treaties with Turkey (see May 6th and 26th).

Georgian Government sign peace treaty with Germany (see May 6th and 26th).

June 9

Battle of the Matz begins (see 14th).

First sitting of Anglo-German Conference at The Hague on prisoners of war.

June 10

Naval action off Premuda Island (Adriatic). Austrian battleship "Szent Istvan" sunk by Italian motor launch.

June 12

Tiflis (Georgia) occupied by a German force (see 8th, and December 27th).

Kurdamir (East Caucasus) occupied by Turkish forces.

Armistice concluded at Kiev between the whole State of The Ukraine and Russian Bolshevik Republic (see May 4th).

June 14

Battle of the Matz ends (see 9th).

Tabriz (North Persia) again occupied by Turkish forces (see January 30th, 1915).

June 15

Battle of the Piave begins (see 24th).

General Guillaumat appointed Governor of Paris (see 6th).

June 18

Russian battleship "Svobodnaya Rossiya" destroyed in Black Sea to avoid surrender to the Germans (see May 4th).

General Franchet d'Esperey appointed Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces, Salonika (see 6th).

M. Radoslavov, Bulgarian Premier, resigns (date of appointment July 20th, 1913). M. Malinov appointed Premier and Foreign Minister.

June 20

Samsam es Sultaneh reappointed Persian Prime Minister (see May 31st and August 3rd).

June 21

Dr. Ernst Ritter von Seidler, Austrian Premier, resigns (see June 23rd, 1917).

June 23

British Expeditionary Forces "Syren" and "Elope" join the North Russian Expeditionary Force at Murmansk (see 4th, May 24th and July 26th).

June 24

Battle of the Piave ends (see 15th).

June 27

British hospital ship "Llandovery Castle" sunk by submarine off Irish coast.

June 29

United States Government announce their view that all branches of the Slav races should be completely freed from German and Austrian rule (see 3rd).

June 30

First contingent of United States troops arrive in Italy (see November 3rd and 4th, 1917).

Murman Railway from Murmansk to Soroki seized by Allied forces (29th/30th) (see 23rd).

Murman Soviet (Sovdep) decide to support the Entente against the Bolshevik Government (see 8th, and July 7th and November 20th).

Treaty signed between the Czecho-Slovaks and Italy, by which Italy recognises Czecho-Slovak Council and their jurisdiction over nationals.

July 1

Affair of Nyamakura (East Africa) (lst/3rd). Near Quelimane (Portuguese East Africa). This was the most southerly point reached by Colonel von Lettow-Vorbeck's force.

July 3

Sultan Mohammed V of Turkey dies. Mohammed VI succeeds to the throne (see November 14th, 1914).

July 4

Siberian Council declare Independence (see 6th).

July 6

French and Italian forces begin offensive in Albania (see 10th and 22nd).

German Ambassador at Moscow (Count Mirbach) murdered (see April 9th).

Declaration of Siberian Independence cancelled (see 4th).

July 7

Agreement signed between France, Great Britain, United States of America, and Murman Sovdep concerning Allied expedition to Murman Coast (see June 30th).

July 9

Admiral von Hintze succeds Herr von Kuhlmann as German Foreign Minister (see August 5th, 1917, and October 4th, 1918).

July 10

Berat (Albania) taken by Italian forces (see 6th, and February 17th, 1916).

New Government formed at Vladivostok under General Horvat (see August 24th).

July 12

Haiti declares war on Germany (see June 16th, 1917).

Japanese battleship "Kawachi" destroyed by internal explosion.

July 13

Irkutsk (Siberia) occupied by Czecho-Slovak forces (see October 14th).

July 14

Kazan (East Russia) captured by Czecho-Slovak forces.

July 15

Fourth Battle of Champagne begins (see 18th, and April 17th, 1917).

British Government protest against "Sand and Gravel Agreement" between Germany and The Netherlands (see May 2nd).

July 16

Field-Marshal Conrad von Hötzendorff, Commander-in-Chief, Austro-Hungarian Armies, relieved of his command.

Ex-Tsar Nicholas II, ex-Tsaritsa, and family murdered at Ekaterinburg (see March 15th, 1917).

July 18

Fourth Battle of Champagne ends (see 15th).

Second Battle of the Marne begins (see August 7th).

Sir L. Worthington-Evans succeeds Lord Robert Cecil as British Minister for Blockade (see February 23rd, 1916).

July 19

Honduras declares war on Germany (see May 17th, 1917).

British operations in Trans-Caspia begin (see August 26th).

United States cruiser "San Diego" sunk by mine off Fire Island (Atlantic coast).

July 20

German forces retreat across the Marne (see 18th).

Last attempt to attack the British Isles with aeroplanes (unsuccessful) (see December 21st, 1914, and August 5th, 1918). There were altogether 59 aeroplane raids against the British Isles during which bombs were dropped. There were also 11 reconnaissance flights over parts of Great Britain or in the vicinity of the coast when no bombs were dropped.

British defence of Resht (North-West Persia).

July 21

Château-Thierry retaken by Allied forces (see 18th, 20th, and May 31st).

July 22

Allied offensive in Albania checked (see 6th, 10th, and August 22nd).

July 23

Battle of Soissonais and Ourcq begins (see August 2nd). British dates.

July 26

Bulk of French Expeditionary Force troops join the North Russia Expeditionary Force at Murmansk (see June 23rd).

Coup d'etat in Baku: Bolshevik Government replaced by Central Caspian Dictatorship.

British Government declare to M. Petrov that they have no intention of infringing the territorial integrity of Russia (see August 6th).

July 28

Fère-en-Tardenois retaken by Allied forces (see May 30th).

July 30

Field-Marshal von Eichhorn, commanding German Army in The Ukraine, assassinated in Kiev (see April 29th).

August 1

Allied Expeditionary Force attack and capture the defences of Archangel (see 2nd).

August 2

Battle of Soissonais and Ourcq ends (see July 23rd).

Soissons retaken by Allied forces (see May 29th).

Pro-Entente revolution in Archangel. Entente forces enter the town (see 1st).

Japanese Government decide to land troops at Vladivostok (see 11th, and April 5th).

August 3

British troops land at Vladivostok (see 2nd, and April 5th).

British ambulance transport "Warilda" sunk by submarine.

Samsam es Sultaneh, Persian Prime Minister, resigns (see 7th, and June 20th).

August 4

British force arrives at Baku (Caspian Sea) (see 26th, and July 19th).

Bolshevik Committee at Enzeli arrested by British military authorities.

August 5

Last attempt to attack England with airships (unsuccessful - "L.-70" destroyed) (see January 19th, 1015, and April 12th and July 20th, 1918). There were altogether 51 airship raids against the British Isles during which bombs were dropped. There were also 8 attempted raids which either did not reach the coast, or which, for some other reason, failed in action. There were also 59 aeroplane attacks in which bombs were dropped (see July 20th), and 11 aeroplane reconnaissances. Total number of air raids in which, bombs were dropped was 110.

August 6

British Government issue Declaration to Russian peoples, stating that they have no intention of interfering in Russian politics (see July 26th).

General Foch created Marshal of France.

August 7

Second Battle of the Marne ends (see July 18th).

French cruiser "Dupetit Thouars" sunk by submarine in the Atlantic.

Vossuq ed Douleh appointed Persian Prime Minister (see 3rd, and May 29th, 1917).

August 8

Battle of Amiens begins (see 11th).

Battle of Montdidier begins (see 15th).

British Government inform Finnish Government that they are in no way hostile to Finnish aspirations on the Murman Coast and in Karelia.

August 10

Montdidier retaken by French forces (see 8th, and March 27th).

Mushaver ul Mamalek, Persian Foreign Minister, resigns (see 11th, and January 19th).

August 11

Battle of Amiens ends (see 8th).

German airship "L.-53" destroyed off Frisian coast. (Last German airship to be destroyed.)

First Japanese contingents arrive at Vladivostok (see 2nd and 24th, and September 5th).

Mushaver ul Mamalek reappointed Persian Foreign Minister (see 10th).

August 13

The Czecho-Slovaks declare War on Germany.

British Government recognise the Czecho-Slovaks as an Allied nation (see June 3rd and September 3rd).

Admiral von Capelle, German Minister of Marine, resigns (see 15th, and March 15th, 1916).

August 15

Battle of Montdidier ends (see 8th).

Last bombardment of Paris by German long-range gun (see March 23rd).

Action of Bairam Ali (Trans-Caspia): Trans-Caspian Government defeated by Bolshevik forces.

Vice-Admiral von Behnke appointed German Minister of Marine (see 13th).

August 17

Second Battle of Noyon begins (see 29th).

Slovene National Council meet at Ljubljana (Laibach) November 2nd).

August 18

Merv (Trans Caspia) taken by Bolshevik forces (see November 1st). Approximate date.

British advance in Flanders begins: Action of Outtersteene Ridge.

August 19

Merville retaken by British forces (see April 11th).

August 21

Battles of the Somme, 1918, begin with the Battle of Albert, 1918 (21st/23rd) (see September 3rd).

August 22

Albert recaptured by British forces (see 21st, and March 26th).

Austrian forces begin counter-offensive in Albania (see July 6th and 22nd).

August 24

Coup d'etat by General Horvat at Vladivostok (see July 10th).

Battle of Dukhovskaya (Eastern Siberia) (23rd/24th). Bolsheviki decisively defeated by Allied forces: Japanese, with one British battalion.

August 26

Battles of Arras, 1918, begin with Battle of the Scarpe, 1918 (see 30th, March 28th and September 3rd).

Berat (Albania) retaken by Austrian forces (see 22nd, and July 10th and October 1st).

Defence of Baku (Caspian Sea) against Turkish attack begins (see 4th, July 19th and September 15th).

August 27

Roye recaptured by British forces (see March 26th).

British force occupies Krasnovodsk on Caspian Sea.

German and Russian Bolshevik Governments conclude complementary treaty of peace (see March 3rd).

August 28

Affair near Kaakhka (Trans-Caspia).

August 29

Bapaume retaken by British forces (see March 24th).

Noyon retaken by French forces (see March 25th). Second Battle of Noyon ends (see 17th).

August 30

Battle of the Scarpe, 1918, ends (see 26th)

Bailleul retaken by British forces (see April 15th).

Lieut.-General Sir C. F. N. Macready, Adjutant-General, Home Forces, Great Britain, resigns (see February 22nd, 1916, and September 11th, 1918).

August 31

German forces evacuate Mount Kemmel (see April 26th).

Battle of Bapaume begins (see March 24th and September 3rd).

Captain Cromie, R.N., British Naval Attaché, murdered by Bolsheviki in British Embassy, Petrograd.

September 1

Peronne retaken by British forces (see March 24th).

September 2

Battle of the Drocourt-Quéant Line (2nd/3rd).

Italian contingent lands at Murmansk to join Allied Expeditionary Force (see July 26th).

September 3

Battles of the Somme, 1918, end (see August 21st).

Battles of Arras, 1918, end (see August 26th).

Lens occupied by British forces (see October 4th, 1914).

Battle of Bapaume ends (see August 31st).

United States Government recognises the Czecho-Slovaks as possessing a de facto Government (see August 13th and October 21st).

September 4

Obozerskaya (North Russia) occupied by Allied forces (see August 2nd).

United States contingent lands at Murmansk to join Allied Expeditionary Force (see 2nd).

Hsu-Shih-Chang elected President of China (see October 11th).

September 5

Khabarovsk (Eastern Siberia) taken by Japanese forces (see 18th, and August 11th).

September 11

Ukhtinskaya (Murman front) captured by Allied forces.

Lieut.-General Sir G. M. W. Maedonogh appointed Adjutant-General, Home Forces, Great Britain (see August 30th).

September 12

Battle of St. Mihiel (12th/13th).

Battles of the Hindenburg Line (see October 9th) begin with Battle of Havrincourt.

Actions of Chamova (Archangel front) begin (see 14th).

September 14

Actions of Chamova end (see 12th).

British evacuation of Baku begins (see 15th, and August 26th).

September 15

Battle of the Dobropolje (Macedonia) begins (see 16th). Called by the Serbs "Battle of the Moglenitza."

Baku finally evacuated by the British forces (night 14th/15th) (see August 26th and November 17th).

Austrian Government send Note to President Wilson suggesting an "unofficial" peace conference (see 16th, and January 12th, 1917).

German Government make definite peace offer to Belgium (see January 10th and 12th, 1917).

September 16

Battle of the Dobropolje ends (see 15th).

Last German aeroplane raid on Paris (see August 30th, 1914).

President Wilson replies to the Austrian Note rejecting suggestion for a peace conference (see 15th, and October 4th).

H.M.S. "Glatton" sunk by explosion in Dover harbour.

September 18

Battle of Epéhy.

Blagovyeschensk (Siberia) occupied by Japanese forces (see 5th).

Battle of Monastir-Doiran (see 24th), including Battle of Doiran, 1918, begins (see 19th).

September 19

Battles of Megiddo (Sharon and Nablus) (Palestine) begin (see 23rd and 25th).

Battle of Doiran, 1918, ends (see 18th and 22nd).

September 20

Nazareth and Beisan (Palestine) occupied by British cavalry (see 19th).

September 22

Doiran occupied by British forces (see 19th, and December 11th, 1915).

September 23

Haifa, Acre, and Es Salt (Palestine) occupied by British forces (see 19th).

Prilep (South Serbia) taken by French forces (see November 16th, 1915).

Ma'an (on Hejaz Railway) evacuated by the Turkish garrison (see 29th).

September 24

Battle of Monastir-Doiran ends (see 18th).

September 25

Ishtip (see October 19th, 1915) and Veles (see October 21st, 1915) retaken by Serbian forces.

British cavalry cut Hejaz railway at Amman.

Battles of Megiddo end (see 19th).

Yugo-Slav State recognised as independent by Italy (see June 3rd and October 5th).

September 26

Battle of Champagne and Argonne begins (see October 15th).

September 27

Battle of the Canal du Nord begins (see October 1st).

Bulgarian Government ask Entente Powers for an armistice (see 30th).

September 28

Battle of the Flanders Ridges begins (see October 10th).

Battle of Ypres, 1918, begins (see November 10th, 1917, and October 2nd, 1918).

Messines retaken by British forces (see April 10th).

Baron Goto, Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, resigns (see 29th, and April 22nd).

September 29

Battle of the St. Quentin Canal begins (see October 2nd).

Passchendaele retaken by Allied forces (see 28th, and April 16th).

Dixmude retaken by Belgian forces (see November 10th, 1014).

Turkish garrison of Ma'an surrenders near Amman (Palestine) (see 23rd).

German force in East Africa recrosses the Rovuma and again enters German territory (see November 25th, 1917, and November 1st 1918).

September 29

Takashi Hara succeeds Count Terauchi as Japanese Prime Minister (see October 9th, 1916).

Count Yasuya Uchida appointed Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (see 28th).

Lieut.-General Kenichi Oshima, Japanese Minister for War, resigns (see 30th, and March 30th, 1916).

September 30

Armistice between Bulgaria and Entente Powers signed (see 27th).

Hostilities between Bulgaria and Entente Powers cease at 12 noon.

Canadian contingent lands at Archangel to join Allied Expeditionary Force (see August 2nd).

Count Hertling, German Imperial Chancellor, resigns (see October 30th, 1917, and October 4th, 1918).

Lieut.-General Giichi Tanaka appointed Japanese Minister for War (see 29th).

October 1

Battle of the Canal du Nord ends (see September 27th).

St. Quentin retaken by French forces (see September 27th).

Berat (Albania) retaken by Italian forces (see August 20th).

Damascus taken by British and Arab forces.

Allies establish net and mine barrage across Straits of Otranto.

October 2

Battle of Ypres, 1918, ends (see September 28th).

Battle of the St. Quentin Canal ends (see September 29th).

Durazzo bombarded by Italian and British warships (see 14th, and February 27th, 1916).

October 3

Battle of the Beaurevoir Line begins (see 5th).

Armentières retaken by British forces (see April 11th).

Action near Pyavozero Lake (Murman front).

October 4

Prince Max of Baden appointed German Imperial Chancellor, and succeeds Admiral von Hintze as Foreign Minister (see September 30th, July 9th, and November 9th).

German and Austro-Hungarian Governments send Notes to President Wilson proposing an armistice (see 8th and 18th). The German note was received by President Wilson on October 6th and the Austrian on October 7th.

Austro-Hungarian Government send Note to President Wilson proposing an armistice (see 27th, and September 16th).

King Ferdinand of Bulgaria abdicates in favour of his son Prince Boris (see September 30th and November 1st).

General Ironside takes over command of Allied forces at Archangel.

October 5

Battle of the Beaurevoir Line ends (see 3rd).

Vranje retaken by Serbian forces (see October 15th, 1915).

Yugo-Slav delegates meet at Agram and decide on the formation of a United National Council (see 29th, and September 25th).

October 6

Sidon (Syria) occupied by British forces.

October 7

Beirut (Syria) occupied by French forces

Elbasan (Albania) taken by Italian forces (see February 2nd, 1916).

October 8

Battle of Cambrai, 1918, begins (see 9th).

President Wilson replies to Note of German Government, and demands evacuation of occupied territories as first condition of armistice (see 4th and 12th).

October 9

Cambrai City captured by British forces (see August 26th, 1914).

End of Battle of Cambrai (see 8th) brings Battles of the Hindenburg Line to a close (see September 12th).

Major-General Scheuch succeeds Major-General von Stein as German Minister for War (see October 30th, 1916, and December 17th, 1918).

October 10

Battle of the Flanders Ridges ends (see September 28th).

Irish mail boat "Leinster" sunk by submarine.

Pristina (Serbia) retaken by French forces (see November 23rd, 1915)

October 11

Prizren (Serbia) retaken by French forces (see December 1st, 1915).

Nish (Serbia) reoccupied by Allied forces (see November 5th, 1915).

Feng-Kuo-Chang, President of China, retires (see July 6th, 1917, and September 4th, 1918).

October 12

Craonne again captured by French forces (see May 27th).

Action of Dushak (Trans-Caspia).

German Government reply to President Wilson's Note and accept conditions (see 8th and 14th).

British Government recognise the Polish National Army as autonomous, allied and co-belligerent.

October 13

Laon and La Fère retaken by French forces (see August 30th, 1014).

Tripoli (Syria) occupied by Allied forces. Izzet Pasha succeeds Talaat Pasha as Turkish Grand Vizier (see February 4th, 1917).

October 14

Battle of Courtrai begins (see 19th).

Roulers recaptured by Allied forces (see October 18th, 1914).

Durazzo (see 2nd), Novi Bazar (see November 20th, 1915), and Ipek (see December 6th, 1915) retaken by Italian forces.

British troops from Vladivostok reach Irkutsk (Siberia) (see 18th, and July 13th and August 3rd).

President Wilson replies to German Government, attaching further military conditions to the terms of armistice, and warning against further breaches of laws of war, and insists on dealing only with a democratic Government (see 12th and 20th).

Turkish Government Note to President Wilson proposing an armistice delivered at Washington.

October 15

Battle of Champagne and Argonne ends (see September 20th).

Menin captured by Allied forces (see October 9th, 1914).

Homs (Syria) occupied by British cavalry.

October 16

Austrian Emperor issues manifesto proclaiming a Federal State on the principle of Nationality (excluding Hungary) (see 5th and 29th).

October 17

Ostend (see October 15th, 1914), Lille (see October 12th, 1914), and Douai (see August 20th, 1914) retaken by Allied forces.

Battle of the Selle begins (see 25th).

October 18

British troops from Vladivostok reach Omsk (see 14th).

President Wilson replies to Austro-Hungarian Note of October 4th (see 27th).

October 19

Battle of Courtrai ends (see 14th).

Zeebrugge and Bruges reoccupied by Belgian forces (see October 12th and 14th, 1914).

October 20

Belgian coast completely reoccupied by Allied forces (see October 15th, 1914).

German Government reply to President Wilson's Note accepting proposals contained therein (see 14th and 23rd).

October 21

The Ban of Croatia refuses offer of Military Governor of Agram to suppress the Yugo-Slav National Council (see 5th and 29th).

The Czecho-Slovaks declare independence (see August 13th, September 3rd, and November 14th).

October 22

Affair of Imad (Aden).

October 23

British advance on Mosul (Mesopotamia) begins (see November 4th).

President Wilson replies to German Note of the 20th, and agrees to submit the matter to the Allied and Associated Governments (see 27th, and November 3rd).

October 24

Battle of Vittorio Veneto begins (see November 4th).

Dr. Wekerle, Hungarian Premier, resigns (see April 27th and November 1st).

October 25

Battle of the Selle ends (see 17th).

Kirkuk (Mesopotamia) again taken by British forces (see May 24th).

Count Andrassy succeeds Baron Burian as Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (see April 17th and November 1st).

October 26

Aleppo (Syria) taken by British forces.

King of Montenegro issues manifesto in favour of a confederated Yugo-Slavia with autonomous States (see 29th, and November 7th and 23rd).

October 27

Austrian Government ask Italy for an armistice (see 4th, and November 3rd).

German Government acknowledges President Wilson's Note of October 23rd.

Austro-Hungarian Government submit further Note to President Wilson asking for immediate armistice "without awaiting the result of other negotiations") (see 4th and 18th).

General von Ludendorff resigns (see August 29th, 1916).

October 28

Muslimiya Junction, north of Aleppo (Syria), occupied by British cavalry.

Battle of Sharqat (Mesopotamia) begins (see 30th).

October 29

San Giovanni di Medua (Albania) occupied by Italian forces (see January 25th, 1916).

Yugo-Slav National Council at Agram repudiate Imperial policy and declare the independence of the Yugo-Slavs (see 5th, 21st, 26th, and November 7th and 23rd).

October 30

Armistice between Turkey and Entente Powers signed at Mudros (see 31st).

Battle of Sharqat ends (see 28th).

Turkish army on the Tigris surrenders.

Fiume surrendered to the Croats by the Hungarian authorities.

"National Council of Fiume" proclaim the independence of the city and announce desire for union with Italy (see November 5th).

Croation Congress (Sabor) unanimously adhere to Yugo-Slav declaration of independence (see 29th).

October 31

Hostilities between Entente and Turkey cease at 12 noon (see 30th).

Scutari (Albania) retaken by Italian forces (see January 23rd, 1916).

Revolutions in Vienna and Budapest (see November 1st, 12th and 16th).

Count Tisza assassinated in Vienna (see May 23rd, 1917).

Austrian Emperor makes over the Austro-Hungarian Fleet to the Yugo-Slav National Council (see 29th).

November 1

Battle of Valenciennes begins (see 2nd).

Belgrade retaken by Serbian forces (see October 9th, 1915, and December 9th, 1918).

Merv retaken by British and Russian forces (see August 18th). Approximate date.

German force in East Africa enters Rhodesia and attacks Fife (see 9th, and September 29th).

Austrian battleship "Viribus Unitis" sunk in Pola harbour.

"State of War" begins between The Ukraine and Poland (see 23rd).

King Boris of Bulgaria abdicates (see October 4th ).

Independent Hungarian Government formed. Count Karolyi appointed Premier (see October 24th and 31st).

Baron von Flotow succeeds Count Andrassy (provisionally) as Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (see October 25th, and entry next above).

November 2

Battle of Valenciennes ends (see 1st and 3rd).

Last British merchant vessels (S.S. "Surada" and "Murcia") sunk by submarine (in the Mediterranean).

Administration of Carniola taken over from the Austro-Hungarian authorities by Slovene leaders (see August 17th).

November 3

Valenciennes occupied by British forces (see 2nd, and August 25th, 1914).

Allied Governments agree to Germany's proposal for an armistice and peace on basis of President Wilson's proposals of January 8th (see 5th and October 23rd).

Armistice between Austria-Hungary and the Entente signed (see 4th, 15th, and October 27th).

Trieste occupied by Italian forces.

Mutiny breaks out in the German fleet at Kiel (see August 3rd, 1917).

November 4

Battle of the Sambre.

Second Battle of Guise (4th/5th).

Battle of Vittorio Veneto ends (see October 24th).

Hostilities between Austria-Hungary and the Entente cease (see 3rd and 15th).

Antivari (Montenegro) occupied by Italian naval forces (see January 22nd, 1916).

Mosul occupied by British forces (see October 23rd).

November 5

Marshal Foch placed in supreme strategical direction of all forces operating against Germany on all fronts (see April 14th).

Fiume occupied by Italian naval forces (see 18th, and October 30th).

H.M.S. "Campania" sunk by collision in the Firth of Forth.

President Wilson sends final Note to the German Government with Allies' acceptance of armistice proposals (see 3rd and 8th).

November 6

Rethel taken by French forces.

Sedan taken by United States forces (see August 29th, 1914).

King Peter of Serbia re-enters Belgrade (see 1st, and January 17th, 1916).

November 7

Bavaria proclaimed a Republic.

Yugo-Slav conference at Geneva decide to form a joint Yugo-Slav-Serbian Government to control military and foreign affairs (see 23rd, and October 29th).

November 8

German armistice delegates reach Allied General Headquarters (see 11th, and October 23rd).

Maubeuge retaken by British forces (see September 7th, 1914).

M. Marghiloman, Rumanian Premier, and M. Arian, Rumanian Foreign Minister, resign (see March 21st, and December 1st).

November 9

Alexandretta (Syria) occupied by Entente naval forces.

Kasama (Rhodesia) taken by Colonel von Lettow-Vorbeck's force (see 1st and 13th).

H.M.S. "Britannia" sunk by submarine in the Atlantic (last warship so lost).

Revolution breaks out in Berlin.

German Imperial Chancellor (Prince Max) announces that the Kaiser has decided to abdicate. Prince Max becomes Regent. Herr Ebert becomes Imperial Chancellor (see 10th, 28th, and October 4th).

Joint Declaration by British and French Governments regarding future of Syria and Mesopotamia.

Czech forces at Ekaterinenburg proclaim national independence.

November 10

Mézières retaken by French forces (see August 27th, 1914).

Ghent reoccupied by Belgian forces (see October 12th, 1914).

Allied forces cross the Danube at Ruschuk and enter Rumania.

The Kaiser crosses the frontier into Holland (see 9th and 28th).

King of Rumania announces that the Rumanian nation have taken up arms again on the side of the Allies (see December 6th, 1917).

November 11

Mons retaken by British forces (see August 24th, 1914).

Armistice concluded between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany. Signed in Marshal Foch's special train at Rethondes Station in the Forest of Compiègne. Hostilities on the Western front cease at 11 a.m. (see 8th, and December 14th).

British Government recognise Latvian Provisional Government as independent (see January 12th).

New National Government formed in Estonia (see 16th, and January 13th).

November 12

Emperor of Austria abdicates (see October 31st).

Allied fleet passes through the Dardanelles (see 13th, and October 30th).

German-Austrian Republic proclaimed.

November 13

Allied fleet arrives at Constantinople (see 12th and 21st).

German force in East Africa reaches the Chambezi River (Rhodesia). (News of armistice received) (see 9th, 14th and 25th).

November 14

Hostilities in East Africa cease. Professor Masaryk elected First President of the Czecho-Slovak Republic (see October 21st).

H.M.S. "Cochrane" wrecked at entrance to Liverpool.

November 15

German cruiser "Königsberg" with German naval delegates, enters Firth of Forth to arrange surrender of the German fleet (see 20th and 21st).

Hungarian Government (see 1st) concludes separate armistice with General Officer Commanding Allied Army (General Henry), at Belgrade (see 3rd).

General Petlyura commences revolt against The Ukraine Government (see December 11th).

November 16

Allied Armies begin march into Germany.

Polish Government (M. Pilsudski) issue declaration proclaiming Poland an Independent and Sovereign State (see June 3rd).

New National Government in Estonia order general mobilisation (see 11th).

Hungary declares Independence (see 1st, and October 31st).

November 17

Mulhouse again occupied by French forces (see August 25th, 1914).

Baku again occupied by British forces (see September 15th).

M. Moraczewski appointed Polish Prime Minister (see 16th).

Yugo-Slav National Council at Agram protest against the Italian occupation of Fiume (see 5th and 18th).

November 18

Last German troops recross French frontier (see August 2nd, 1914).

Brussels reoccupied by Belgian forces (see 21st, and August 20th, 1914).

Italian troops reinforce naval detachment in Fiume (see 5th and 17th).

Counter-revolutionary coup d'etat at Omsk. Russian Admiral Kolchak proclaimed "Dictator of all Russia."

November 19

Metz occupied by French forces.

Antwerp reoccupied by Belgian forces (see October 10th, 1914).

General Pétain created Marshal of France (see May 15th, 1917).

November 20

Luxembourg frontier crossed by United States forces (see August 2nd, 1914).

First contingent of German submarines surrender to the British Navy at Harwich (see 15th).

General Marushevski appointed Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of Russian forces in North Russia (Archangel) (see June 30th).

November 21

German High Seas Fleet arrives at Rosyth, en route for internment in Scapa Flow (see 15th and 20th).

Belgian Government reinstated at Brussels (see 18th, and August 17th, 1914).

Namur occupied by British forces (see August 25th, 1914).

French troops land in Constantinople (see 13th).

Greek, Serbian, and Rumanian Governments issue circular memorandum announcing their decision to strengthen the union between the three countries by all available means.

M. L. Delacroix succeeds M. Cooreman as Belgian Prime Minister (see May 31st) and M. Masson succeeds Lieut.-General de Ceuninck as Minister for War (see August 4th, 1917). M. Delacroix was the first Minister to hold the title of Prime Minister.

November 23

Lemberg captured by Polish forces (see 1st).

Yugo-Slav National Council vote for union with Serbia and formation of a common State with Serbia and Montenegro (see 7th, 29th, October 29th and December 4th).

November 24

British and United States troops reach German frontier (see December 1st).

November 25

Strasbourg occupied by French forces.

German forces in East Africa surrender to Allied forces at Abercorn (Rhodesia) (see 13th and 14th).

November 26

Last German troops recross Belgian frontier (see August 4th, 1914).

French troops cross German frontier.

Allied fleet arrives at Sevastopol and takes over remainder of the Russian Black Sea Fleet from the Germans (see 13th, and May 1st).

United States force enters Fiume (see 17th).

November 28

Kaiser Wilhelm II signs abdication (see 9th and 10th).

Narva (Estonia) captured by Bolshevik forces (see March 4th).

The General Congress of The Bukovina decide in favour of complete union with Rumania (see December 7th).

November 29

Montenegrin National Assembly (Skupshtina) meet at Podgoritsa and vote for union with Serbia (see 23rd).

November 30

Rumanian Government re-established at Bukharest (see December 1st, 1916).

December 1

British and United States troops cross the German frontier (see November 24th). Trèves occupied by United States troops.

General Coanda appointed Rumanian Premier and Foreign Minister (see 12th, and November 8th).

National Assembly of the Rumanians of Transylvania, the Banat and other districts of Hungary, assembled at Alba-Julia (Transylvania), decree their union with Rumania (see 7th, 10th, and 27th).

December 3

Last Bulgarian troops evacuate the Dobrudja (see September 2nd, 1916).

December 4

H.M.S. "Cassandra" sunk by mine in the Baltic (night 4th/5th).

Demobilisation of the British Army begins.

Yugo-Slav National Council at Agram proclaim the union of all Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in one State (see November 23rd and 29th).

December 6

Cologne entered by British troops (see 12th, and November 24th).

December 7

Deputation from the National Council of The Bukovina arrives at Jassy to inform Rumanian Government that National Council has voted for union with Rumania (see 1st, 10th, and November 28th).

December 8

Coblenz occupied by United States troops (see 1st).

Naval action in the Caspian between British and Bolshevik vessels.

December 9

Lahej (Southern Arabia) reoccupied by British forces (see July 4th, 1915).

Serbian Government reinstated at Belgrade (see May 7th, 1916, and November 1st and 6th, 1918).

December 10

The Bessarabian National Council abrogate the stipulations for local autonomy and declare the unconditional union of Bessarabia with Rumania (see 1st, and April 9th).

December 11

Odessa occupied by Petlyura's Ukrainian revolutionary forces (see 20th, March 13th, and November 15th).

General Mannerheim elected Regent of Finland (see December 6th, 1917).

December 12

British troops cross the Rhine at Cologne (see 6th).

General Coanda, Rumanian Premier and Foreign Minister, resigns (see 1st and 14th).

December 13

Hodeida (Southern Arabia) taken by British forces.

December 14

Armistice on the Western Front prolonged to January 17th, 1919 (see November 11th).

M. Bratianu appointed Rumanian Premier and Foreign Minister (see 12th).

Dr. da Silva Paes, Portuguese President, assassinated (see 16th, and May 9th).

December 15

Poland severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see November 16th).

December 16

Field-Marshal Mackensen and his forces surrender to the Hungarians near Budapest.

Last German troops leave Finland (see April 3rd).

First meeting of "Imperial Conference" of Soldiers and Workmen in Berlin.

Senhor Antunes appointed Acting Portuguese President (see 14th).

December 17

Major-General Scheuch, German Minister for War, resigns (see October 9th).

December 20

Kiev occupied by Petlyura's Ukrainian revolutionary forces (see 11th, and March 2nd).

French troops land at Odessa (see 11th).

M. Pasich, Premier of Serbia, resigns. (Appointed in 1912) (see 29th).

December 22

Senhor J. T. de Sousa Barboza, Portuguese Secretary of the Interior, resigns (see 23rd, and May 16th).

December 23

Senhor J. T. de Sousa Barboza appointed Portuguese Premier and Minister of Interior (see 22nd).

December 24

Perm (East Russia) taken by Kolehak's forces (see November 18th).

December 26

Formation of West Ukraine Republic announced (see November 20th, 1917).

Dorpat (Estonia) evacuated by the German forces (see February 24th).

December 27

Batum (Georgia) occupied by British forces (see April 15th). This force subsequently occupied the whole of Georgia, with headquarters at Tiflis.

King of Rumania issues Proclamation annexing the Rumanian provinces of Austria-Hungary (see 1st).

December 29

M. Stoyan Protich appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (see 4th and 20th).

December 30

Kadish (North Russia) taken by Allied forces.

Birsk (East Russia) taken by Kolchak's forces (see 24th).

December 31

Ufa and Sterlitamak (East Russia) taken by Bolshevik forces.